The Yamanote Line is revered as Tokyo's most crucial rail route, taking passengers through the city's upscale neighborhoods. Along with the Ōedo Line, the Yamanote outlines the perimeter of old Edo, distinguishing itself by being an uninterrupted circular line that encircles the center of the metropolis.

The name Yamanote, which means "upper city", contrasts with Shitamachi, "lower city". In the Edo era, the elevated area was home to feudal lords and samurai families, providing them with security. Today, living in the area surrounded by the Yamanote Line is a symbol of prestige due to its central location in Tokyo. Owning or renting a property here can be expensive, but owning land in this area is seen as a privilege. Some residents keep old wooden houses, preserving family heritage and the value of the land, which can be a fortune.

With 30 stations served, the Yamanote Line surpasses other public transportation systems in terms of daily passenger flow. This 30th was inaugurated between Shinagawa and Tamachi stations ahead of the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. This was the first expansion since 1971, revitalizing a former train yard and maintenance center, providing quick access to Takanawa Ōkido, one of the three original entrances to the shōguns' capital, Edo.

The original route of the line, the forerunner of the current one, was established in 1885 (Meiji 18), starting in Shinagawa and continuing to Meguro, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Mejiro, Itabashi, ending in Akabane. It was at this time that the term "yamanote" came to represent the suburban and rural areas to the west of Edo Castle.

The current circular form of the Yamanote Line was consolidated in 1925, becoming an efficient means of getting around, linking commercial and cultural centers and entertainment areas. For tourists and locals alike, almost every station is indispensable throughout the year, with easy access to iconic destinations such as Shibuya, Shinjuku, Harajuku, Yoyogi, Ueno, Akihabara and Tokyo Station.